Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Chapter 1: The Social Determinants of Health and Trends Concerning Health Disparity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Policy Responses to SDH from the WHO and Europe -- 3 Interests and Responses to SDH in Japan -- 4 The Importance of the Issue in Public Health -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Behavioral Problems in Children -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Behavioral Problems in Children and Socioeconomic Status -- 3 Background of Inequalities -- 4 Countermeasures to Behavioral Problems in Children -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Metabolic Syndrome -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Socioeconomic Indices and MetS -- 3 Mechanisms Driving the Negative Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and MetS -- 4 Sex Differences -- 5 Childhood Socioeconomic Environment and MetS in Adulthood -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Cancer and Socioeconomic Status -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Socioeconomic Disparity in Cancer -- 2.1 Cancer Mortality and Incidence -- 2.2 Survival in Cancer Patients -- 2.3 Primary Prevention -- 2.4 Secondary Prevention -- 2.5 Cancer Treatment and Care -- 3 International Comparisons -- 4 Findings in Japan -- 4.1 Risk Factors for Cancer -- 4.2 Cancer Screening -- 4.3 Incidence, Survival and Mortality -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Coronary Heart Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of SES and Coronary Heart Disease -- 3 Pathway of the Effect of SES on CHD -- 3.1 Health Behaviors and Access to Health Promotion Resources and Medical Care -- 3.2 Psychosocial and Biological Pathways -- 3.2.1 Depression -- 3.2.2 Hostility and Anger -- 3.2.3 Work Environment -- 3.2.4 Social Support -- 3.2.5 Summary of Psychosocial Pathway -- 3.3 Parents and Childhood -- 3.4 Genetic Factors -- 4 Hints on CHD Prevention -- 4.1 Intervention Through Education -- 4.2 Social Security Systems.

4.3 Support for Critical Periods in Life -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Stroke -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SES-Related Inequalities in Cerebrovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Foreign Countries -- 3 SES-Based Inequality in Cerebrovascular Disease in Japan -- 4 SES-Related Inequalities of Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors in Japan -- 5 Pathways Linking SES and Cerebrovascular Disease -- 5.1 Material Poverty and Psychosocial Stress -- 6 Policy Recommendations -- 6.1 Monitoring SES Inequalities in Cerebrovascular Diseases -- References -- Chapter 7: Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Countries Other than Japan -- 2.2 Japan -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Countries Other than Japan: Factors Associated with CKD -- 3.1.1 SES Status -- 3.1.2 Income -- 3.1.3 Education -- 3.1.4 Occupation -- 3.2 Factors Associated with CKD in Japan -- 3.2.1 SES Status -- 3.2.2 Income -- 3.2.3 Education -- 3.2.4 Occupation -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Relation of SES and Lifestyle with CKD -- 4.1.1 Smoking -- 4.1.2 Exercise -- 4.1.3 Diet -- 4.2 Relation Between SES and Life Course in CKD -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Diabetes Mellitus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Countries Other than Japan -- 2.2 Japan -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Countries Other than Japan -- 3.1.1 Living Area -- 3.1.2 Individual Levels -- Income -- Education -- Occupation -- 3.2 Japan -- 3.2.1 Living Area -- 3.2.2 Income -- 3.2.3 Education -- 3.2.4 Occupation -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Diet -- 4.2 Smoking -- 4.3 Exercise -- 4.4 Stress -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Suicide -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Status Quo and Analysis -- 2.1 The Status Quo of Suicide in Japan -- 2.2 Ecological Analysis Focusing on Regional, Ethnic, and Generational Factors -- 2.3 Analysis Focusing on Individual Factors -- 3 Suggestion of Countermeasures -- 4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Depression.

1 Introduction -- 2 Depression and Socioeconomic Status -- 3 Background of Inequalities -- 4 Possible Countermeasures -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: Dementia -- 1 Worldwide Trend of Dementia -- 1.1 Dementia in Japan -- 1.2 The Cost of Dementia -- 2 Health Disparities in the Onset of Dementia Based on Socioeconomic Factors -- 2.1 Education and Risk of Dementia -- 2.2 Occupation, Income, and Other SES with Risks of Dementia -- 2.3 Hypothesis on the Influence of Social Factors on Dementia Onset -- 3 Disparities Related to Cognitive Health -- 3.1 Material and Information Disparities -- 3.2 Psychosocial Influences -- 3.3  Social Participation and Social Activities -- 4 Social Determinants of Health and Dementia Prevention -- 5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Falls and Related Bone Fractures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Frequency of and Regional Differences in Falls and Related Bone Fractures -- 3 Association Between Falls and Related Bone Fractures and SES -- 3.1 Regional Deprivation Index and Falls and Related Bone Fractures -- 3.2 Individual Income and Falls and Related Bone Fractures -- 3.3 Level of Education and Falls and Related Bone Fractures -- 3.4 Other Indices -- 3.5 Findings in Japan -- 4 Reasons for the Influence of SES on Falls and Related Bone Fractures -- 5 Measures Against Falls and Related Bone Fractures that Consider Their Association with SES -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13: Malnutrition in Older People -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Problem of Malnutrition Inside and Outside Japan -- 3 Malnutrition in Older People (Determination of Nutritional State) -- 4 Association of SES and Older People's Malnutrition and Food Intake Situation -- 4.1 SES and Nutritional State Assessment Using MNA -- 4.2 Association Between Individual SES and Quality of Food Consumed -- 4.3 Association Between Community SES and Individual Food Intake.

5 Future Direction of Measures Against Malnutrition -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 14: Oral Health -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Health Inequalities in Dental Disease in Japan -- 3 New Viewpoint on Health Inequalities -- 4 Causes of Oral Health Inequalities -- 5 How to Tackle Oral Health Inequalities -- 5.1 Social Determinants and Population Strategy -- 5.2 Reducing Dental Caries Inequalities in Japan -- 5.3 Overcoming Opposition and Building a Healthy Society -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Healthy Aging: IADL and Functional Disability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Large-Scale Longitudinal Studies -- 3 Mental Health, Health Behavior, and Oral Functions -- 4 Differences in Health Risks Due to SES -- 5 Differences in Health Risks Due to Social Participation and Social Networks -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 16: Life Course Epidemiology -- 1 Definition of Life Course Epidemiology -- 2 Significance and Recent Development -- 3 Basic Theories -- 4 Research Results -- 5 Future Outlook -- References -- Chapter 17: Social Capital and Health -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Roseto Effect -- 3 Social Capital -- 4 Individual and Community Social Capital and Multilevel Analysis -- 5 Social Capital and Health: Benefits and Downsides -- 6 Social Capital Studies in Japan -- 6.1 Intervention Study of Social Capital and Health -- 6.2 Social Capital and Health in a Post-disaster Context -- 7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 18: Access to Healthcare and Health Disparities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Access to Healthcare and SES -- 3 Background of Inequalities Based on SES -- 3.1 Financial Barriers to Access to Healthcare -- 3.2 Physical Barriers to Access to Healthcare -- 3.3 Psychological Barriers to Access to Healthcare -- 4 Measures against Healthcare Access Disparities -- 5 Summary -- References.

Chapter 19: Measures of Health Disparities and Health Impact Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Health Disparities and Health Inequity -- 3 Domestic and Overseas Health Disparities -- 4 Applying HIAs to Correct Health Disparities -- 5 What Is an HIA and Health Equity Impact Assessment (HEqIA)? -- 6 Social Environment Model for Health -- 7 "Health in All Policies" and Governance -- 8 How Does an HIA Evaluate Disparities? -- 9 Prospective Effects of Including Health Disparities in an HIA -- 9.1 Influence on the Decision-Making Process -- 9.2 Promoting a Better Understanding of Associations Between Policies and Health -- 9.3 Participatory Approaches and Empowerment -- 10 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 20: What Measures Can Be Taken to Reduce Health Disparity? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Why Is Attention Paid to the Social Determinants of Health? -- 2.1 Limitations of Medicine and Medical Technology -- 2.2 The Difficulty of Modifying Lifestyles -- 2.3 Health Disparities -- 3 Three Concepts Should Be Pursued -- 3.1 The Approach Aimed at the Root Causes Upstream -- 3.2 Environmental Interventions -- 3.3 Consideration of Health in All Policies -- 4 WHO Policy Documents -- 4.1 The Three Recommendations of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health -- 4.2 Adelaide Statement -- 4.3 Public Health Programs -- 5 Latent Possibilities in the Approach Toward the Social Determinants of Health -- References -- Appendix A: Recommendations -- Assessing and Reducing Social Inequalities in Health in Japan -- Abstract -- Background for Preparing These Recommendations -- Current Situation and Issues -- Recommendations -- Consider Social Inequalities in Health in Healthcare, Medical Care and Welfare Policies -- Development of Systems for Monitoring Social Inequalities in Health and Formulating Relevant Policies.

Incorporating a Social Inequalities in Health Perspective in the Training of Healthcare, Medical Care and Welfare Professionals.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.