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Radiological Issues for Fukushima's Revitalized Future.

Yazar:Takahashi, Tomoyuki
Materyal türü: KonuKonuYayıncı: Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2016Telif hakkı tarihi: �2016Tanım: 1 online resource (232 pages)İçerik türü:text Ortam türü:computer Taşıyıcı türü: online resourceISBN: 9784431558484Tür/Form:Electronic books.Ek fiziksel biçimler:Print version:: Radiological Issues for Fukushima's Revitalized FutureDDC sınıflandırma: 363.179940952117 LOC classification: QC795.32.R3Çevrimiçi kaynaklar: Click to View
İçindekiler:
Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1 Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment -- Part 2 Decontamination and Radioactive Waste -- Part 3 Environmental Radiation and External Exposure -- Part 4 Radioactivity in Foods and Internal Exposure -- Cooperators -- Contents -- Part I Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment -- 1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Cs Adsorption onto Clay Minerals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Experimental -- 1.2.1 Sample Preparation -- 1.3 Structure Analyses -- 1.4 Results -- 1.5 Discussion -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Speciation of 137Cs and 129I in Soil After the Fukushima NPP Accident -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Material and Methods -- 2.2.1 Soil Samples -- 2.2.2 Column-Infiltration Experiments Using the Rainwater from the Tokyo Metropolitan Hot-Spot Area -- 2.2.3 Leaching of Radionuclides from Soils Using the Batch Method -- 2.2.4 Separation of 137Cs and 129I in Soil Samples -- 2.2.5 Purification of Iodine Isotopes for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Measurement -- 2.2.6 Measurement of Radioactivity in Environmental Samples by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Isotopic Ratio of 135Cs/137Cs in Fukushima Environmental Samples Collected in 2011 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Application of Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Cesium and Strontium in Environmental Samples Obtained in Fukushima Prefecture -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Experimental -- 4.2.1 Irradiation of UO2 for Study of Radioactive Cs and Sr -- 4.2.2 Recovery of Cs and Sr -- 4.2.2.1 Isolation of TRU Elements -- 4.2.2.2 Recovery of Strontium -- 4.2.2.3 Recovery of Cesium -- 4.2.3 Analysis of Isotopic Composition of Cesium and Strontium -- 4.2.4 Analysis of Environmental Samples -- 4.3 Results and Discussion.
4.3.1 Isotopic Analysis of Radioactive Cs and Sr from Irradiated UO2 -- 4.3.2 Analysis of Isotopic Compositions of Cs and Sr from Environmental Samples -- 4.3.2.1 Analysis of Cs -- 4.3.2.2 Analysis of Sr -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Migration of Radioactive Cesium to Water from Grass and Fallen Leaves -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methods -- 5.2.1 Sample Collection -- 5.2.2 Sample Preparation -- 5.2.3 Radiocesium Migration to Water -- 5.2.4 Radiocesium Deposition in Soil -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Migration Behavior of Particulate 129I in the Niida River System -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 6.3.1 Source of Particulate 129I in the Niida River System -- 6.3.2 Flux of Particulate 129I in the Niida River System -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Decontamination and Radioactive Waste -- 7 Safety Decontamination System for Combustion of Forestry Wastes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Experimental -- 7.2.1 Samples -- 7.2.2 Combustion Test -- 7.2.3 Measurements -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.3.1 Laboratory-Scale Tests -- 7.3.2 Development of Decontamination System for Forestry Waste -- 7.3.3 Demonstration Test of Combustion for Forestry Wastes -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Remediation Technology For Cesium Using Microbubbled Water Containing Sodium Silicate -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental -- 8.2.1 Preparation of Aqueous Sodium Metasilicate -- 8.2.2 Cleaning Method -- 8.2.3 Radiation Measurement -- 8.3 Results -- 8.3.1 Electrical Properties of SMC -- 8.3.2 Washing the Granule Conglomerate -- 8.3.3 Washing the Nonwoven Cloth -- 8.3.4 Remediation of 137Cs by Neutralizing SMC -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Extractability and Chemical Forms of Radioactive Cesium in Designated Wastes Investigated in an On-Site Test.
9.1 Background Information on the Aftermath of the F1 Accident -- 9.2 Strategy of Volume Reduction and Stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste and Designated Waste in Japan -- 9.3 Principle of Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation for Cs Removal -- 9.4 The Waste Volume Reduction When Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation Technique Was Used -- 9.5 Objectives of the Present Study -- 9.6 Experimental -- 9.6.1 Reagents -- 9.6.2 Procedures of Cold Run -- 9.6.3 Determination of Radioactive Cs and Non-radioactive Metals in the On-Site Test -- 9.6.4 Extraction Procedures Used in the On-Site Test -- 9.6.5 Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation Procedures Used at the On-Site Test -- 9.7 Results and Discussion -- 9.7.1 Extraction of Metal Elements from Fly Ash Sample in the Cold Run -- 9.7.2 Extraction of rad-Cs from Contaminated Fly Ash Samples -- 9.7.3 Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation in On-Site Test -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Environmental Radiation and External Exposure -- 10 Development and Operation of a Carborne Survey System, KURAMA -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 KURAMA -- 10.3 KURAMA-II -- 10.4 Applications of KURAMA and KURAMA-II -- References -- 11 In Situ Environmental Radioactivity Measurement in High-Dose Rate Areas Using a CdZnTeSemiconductor Detector -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.4 Summary -- References -- 12 Safety Evaluation of Radiation Dose Rates in Fukushima Nakadori District -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Radiation Level of Fukushima Nakadori District -- 12.3 International Support Activities -- 12.3.1 IAEA's International Expert Mission Team for Fukushima Remediation Issues [5] -- 12.3.2 Community Dialog Forum for Residents of Fukushima Prefecture at Fukushima-shi [6] -- 12.4 Risk Evaluation of 1 mSv/y for Public Radiation Exposure Limits.
12.5 Country-Averaged Annual Exposure Doses of Natural Radiation in the World -- 12.6 Discussion -- 12.7 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Indoor Deposition of Radiocaesium in an Evacuation Area in Odaka District of Minami-Soma After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methods -- 13.2.1 Locations of Houses Investigated -- 13.2.2 Measurement of Surface Contamination -- 13.3 Results and Discussion -- 13.3.1 Indoor Surface Contamination for Odaka Houses -- 13.3.2 Effect of Surface Contamination on the Indoor Ambient Dose Equivalent -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Radioactivity in Foods and Internal Exposure -- 14 Radionuclides Behavior in Fruit Plants -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Interception -- 14.3 Leaf-to-Fruit Translocation -- 14.4 Soil-to-Fruit Transfer -- 14.4.1 Grapevines -- 14.4.2 Blackberry Plants -- 14.4.3 Strawberry -- 14.5 Food Processing -- 14.5.1 Wine-Making -- 14.5.2 Olive-Oil-Making -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Radiocesium Absorption in Soybean -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Materials and Methods -- 15.3 Results -- 15.4 Discussion -- References -- 16 Concentrations of 134, 137Cs and 90Sr in Agricultural Products Collected in Fukushima Prefecture -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Materials and Methods -- 16.3 Results and Discussion -- References -- 17 Analysis of Factors Causing High Radiocesium Concentrations in Brown Rice Grown in Minamisoma City -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Irrigation Water -- 17.2.2 Soils -- 17.2.3 Pot Experiments -- 17.2.3.1 Experiment 1 -- 17.2.3.2 Experiment 2 -- 17.2.3.3 Experiment 3 -- 17.2.4 Soil and Plant Analyses -- 17.2.5 Statistical Analyses -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Effect of Irrigation Water on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice -- 17.3.2 Effect of Soil Type on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice.
17.3.3 Effect of Site on Acquisition of Cs-137 by Foliage and Brown Rice -- 17.4 Discussion -- 17.4.1 Effect of Irrigation Water on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice -- 17.4.2 Effect of Soil Type on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice -- 17.4.3 Effect of Site on Acquisition of Cs-137 by Foliage and Brown Rice -- References -- 18 Radiocesium and Potassium Decreases in Wild Edible Plants by Food Processing -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Materials and Methods -- 18.3 Results and Discussion -- 18.4 Conclusions -- References -- 19 Monte Carlo Evaluation of Internal Dose and Distribution Imaging Due to Insoluble Radioactive Cs-Bearing Particles of Water Deposited Inside Lungs via Pulmonary Inhalation Using PHITS Code Combined with Voxel Phantom Data -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Method and Materials -- 19.3 Results -- 19.3.1 U(50): Total Number of Decaying Nuclides at Respiratory Tracts of BB and AI -- 19.3.2 Internal Exposure Dose Distribution Imaging for a Respiratory Tract of BB -- 19.3.3 Committed Equivalent Doses in Comparison with Dependence on Gamma Rays and Beta Particles Between Cs-134 and Cs-137 -- 19.4 Discussion -- 19.5 Conclusion -- References -- 20 A Study of a Development of Internal Exposure Management Tool Suited for Japanese Diet Behavior -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Methods -- 20.2.1 System -- 20.2.2 Database Structure -- 20.2.3 Food and Cooking Information Input -- 20.2.4 User Management -- 20.2.5 Form of Use -- 20.3 Results -- 20.4 Discussion -- 20.4.1 Verification of the Usability -- 20.4.2 Subject of Future Investigation -- 20.5 Conclusion -- References.
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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1 Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment -- Part 2 Decontamination and Radioactive Waste -- Part 3 Environmental Radiation and External Exposure -- Part 4 Radioactivity in Foods and Internal Exposure -- Cooperators -- Contents -- Part I Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment -- 1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Cs Adsorption onto Clay Minerals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Experimental -- 1.2.1 Sample Preparation -- 1.3 Structure Analyses -- 1.4 Results -- 1.5 Discussion -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Speciation of 137Cs and 129I in Soil After the Fukushima NPP Accident -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Material and Methods -- 2.2.1 Soil Samples -- 2.2.2 Column-Infiltration Experiments Using the Rainwater from the Tokyo Metropolitan Hot-Spot Area -- 2.2.3 Leaching of Radionuclides from Soils Using the Batch Method -- 2.2.4 Separation of 137Cs and 129I in Soil Samples -- 2.2.5 Purification of Iodine Isotopes for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Measurement -- 2.2.6 Measurement of Radioactivity in Environmental Samples by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Isotopic Ratio of 135Cs/137Cs in Fukushima Environmental Samples Collected in 2011 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Application of Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Cesium and Strontium in Environmental Samples Obtained in Fukushima Prefecture -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Experimental -- 4.2.1 Irradiation of UO2 for Study of Radioactive Cs and Sr -- 4.2.2 Recovery of Cs and Sr -- 4.2.2.1 Isolation of TRU Elements -- 4.2.2.2 Recovery of Strontium -- 4.2.2.3 Recovery of Cesium -- 4.2.3 Analysis of Isotopic Composition of Cesium and Strontium -- 4.2.4 Analysis of Environmental Samples -- 4.3 Results and Discussion.

4.3.1 Isotopic Analysis of Radioactive Cs and Sr from Irradiated UO2 -- 4.3.2 Analysis of Isotopic Compositions of Cs and Sr from Environmental Samples -- 4.3.2.1 Analysis of Cs -- 4.3.2.2 Analysis of Sr -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Migration of Radioactive Cesium to Water from Grass and Fallen Leaves -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methods -- 5.2.1 Sample Collection -- 5.2.2 Sample Preparation -- 5.2.3 Radiocesium Migration to Water -- 5.2.4 Radiocesium Deposition in Soil -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Migration Behavior of Particulate 129I in the Niida River System -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 6.3.1 Source of Particulate 129I in the Niida River System -- 6.3.2 Flux of Particulate 129I in the Niida River System -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Decontamination and Radioactive Waste -- 7 Safety Decontamination System for Combustion of Forestry Wastes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Experimental -- 7.2.1 Samples -- 7.2.2 Combustion Test -- 7.2.3 Measurements -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.3.1 Laboratory-Scale Tests -- 7.3.2 Development of Decontamination System for Forestry Waste -- 7.3.3 Demonstration Test of Combustion for Forestry Wastes -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Remediation Technology For Cesium Using Microbubbled Water Containing Sodium Silicate -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental -- 8.2.1 Preparation of Aqueous Sodium Metasilicate -- 8.2.2 Cleaning Method -- 8.2.3 Radiation Measurement -- 8.3 Results -- 8.3.1 Electrical Properties of SMC -- 8.3.2 Washing the Granule Conglomerate -- 8.3.3 Washing the Nonwoven Cloth -- 8.3.4 Remediation of 137Cs by Neutralizing SMC -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Extractability and Chemical Forms of Radioactive Cesium in Designated Wastes Investigated in an On-Site Test.

9.1 Background Information on the Aftermath of the F1 Accident -- 9.2 Strategy of Volume Reduction and Stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste and Designated Waste in Japan -- 9.3 Principle of Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation for Cs Removal -- 9.4 The Waste Volume Reduction When Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation Technique Was Used -- 9.5 Objectives of the Present Study -- 9.6 Experimental -- 9.6.1 Reagents -- 9.6.2 Procedures of Cold Run -- 9.6.3 Determination of Radioactive Cs and Non-radioactive Metals in the On-Site Test -- 9.6.4 Extraction Procedures Used in the On-Site Test -- 9.6.5 Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation Procedures Used at the On-Site Test -- 9.7 Results and Discussion -- 9.7.1 Extraction of Metal Elements from Fly Ash Sample in the Cold Run -- 9.7.2 Extraction of rad-Cs from Contaminated Fly Ash Samples -- 9.7.3 Ferrocyanide Coprecipitation in On-Site Test -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Environmental Radiation and External Exposure -- 10 Development and Operation of a Carborne Survey System, KURAMA -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 KURAMA -- 10.3 KURAMA-II -- 10.4 Applications of KURAMA and KURAMA-II -- References -- 11 In Situ Environmental Radioactivity Measurement in High-Dose Rate Areas Using a CdZnTeSemiconductor Detector -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.4 Summary -- References -- 12 Safety Evaluation of Radiation Dose Rates in Fukushima Nakadori District -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Radiation Level of Fukushima Nakadori District -- 12.3 International Support Activities -- 12.3.1 IAEA's International Expert Mission Team for Fukushima Remediation Issues [5] -- 12.3.2 Community Dialog Forum for Residents of Fukushima Prefecture at Fukushima-shi [6] -- 12.4 Risk Evaluation of 1 mSv/y for Public Radiation Exposure Limits.

12.5 Country-Averaged Annual Exposure Doses of Natural Radiation in the World -- 12.6 Discussion -- 12.7 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Indoor Deposition of Radiocaesium in an Evacuation Area in Odaka District of Minami-Soma After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methods -- 13.2.1 Locations of Houses Investigated -- 13.2.2 Measurement of Surface Contamination -- 13.3 Results and Discussion -- 13.3.1 Indoor Surface Contamination for Odaka Houses -- 13.3.2 Effect of Surface Contamination on the Indoor Ambient Dose Equivalent -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Radioactivity in Foods and Internal Exposure -- 14 Radionuclides Behavior in Fruit Plants -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Interception -- 14.3 Leaf-to-Fruit Translocation -- 14.4 Soil-to-Fruit Transfer -- 14.4.1 Grapevines -- 14.4.2 Blackberry Plants -- 14.4.3 Strawberry -- 14.5 Food Processing -- 14.5.1 Wine-Making -- 14.5.2 Olive-Oil-Making -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Radiocesium Absorption in Soybean -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Materials and Methods -- 15.3 Results -- 15.4 Discussion -- References -- 16 Concentrations of 134, 137Cs and 90Sr in Agricultural Products Collected in Fukushima Prefecture -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Materials and Methods -- 16.3 Results and Discussion -- References -- 17 Analysis of Factors Causing High Radiocesium Concentrations in Brown Rice Grown in Minamisoma City -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Irrigation Water -- 17.2.2 Soils -- 17.2.3 Pot Experiments -- 17.2.3.1 Experiment 1 -- 17.2.3.2 Experiment 2 -- 17.2.3.3 Experiment 3 -- 17.2.4 Soil and Plant Analyses -- 17.2.5 Statistical Analyses -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Effect of Irrigation Water on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice -- 17.3.2 Effect of Soil Type on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice.

17.3.3 Effect of Site on Acquisition of Cs-137 by Foliage and Brown Rice -- 17.4 Discussion -- 17.4.1 Effect of Irrigation Water on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice -- 17.4.2 Effect of Soil Type on Cs-137 Uptake in Rice -- 17.4.3 Effect of Site on Acquisition of Cs-137 by Foliage and Brown Rice -- References -- 18 Radiocesium and Potassium Decreases in Wild Edible Plants by Food Processing -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Materials and Methods -- 18.3 Results and Discussion -- 18.4 Conclusions -- References -- 19 Monte Carlo Evaluation of Internal Dose and Distribution Imaging Due to Insoluble Radioactive Cs-Bearing Particles of Water Deposited Inside Lungs via Pulmonary Inhalation Using PHITS Code Combined with Voxel Phantom Data -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Method and Materials -- 19.3 Results -- 19.3.1 U(50): Total Number of Decaying Nuclides at Respiratory Tracts of BB and AI -- 19.3.2 Internal Exposure Dose Distribution Imaging for a Respiratory Tract of BB -- 19.3.3 Committed Equivalent Doses in Comparison with Dependence on Gamma Rays and Beta Particles Between Cs-134 and Cs-137 -- 19.4 Discussion -- 19.5 Conclusion -- References -- 20 A Study of a Development of Internal Exposure Management Tool Suited for Japanese Diet Behavior -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Methods -- 20.2.1 System -- 20.2.2 Database Structure -- 20.2.3 Food and Cooking Information Input -- 20.2.4 User Management -- 20.2.5 Form of Use -- 20.3 Results -- 20.4 Discussion -- 20.4.1 Verification of the Usability -- 20.4.2 Subject of Future Investigation -- 20.5 Conclusion -- References.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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