This volume addresses the fundamental importance of the army, warfare, and military service to the development of both the Roman Republic and wider Italic society in the second half of the first millennium BC. It brings together emerging and established scholars in the area of Roman military studies to engage with subjects such as the relationship between warfare and economic and demographic regimes; the interplay of war, aristocratic politics, and state formation; and the complex role the military played in the integration of Italy. The book demonstrates the centrality of war to Rome's internal and external relationships during the Republic, as well as to the Romans' sense of identity and history. It also illustrates the changing scholarly view of warfare as a social and cultural construct in antiquity, and how much work remains to be done in what is often thought of as a "traditional" area of research. Romans at War will be of interest to students and scholars of the Roman army and ancient warfare, and of Roman society more broadly.

1. Writing About Romans at War Jeremy Armstrong and Michael P. Fronda 2. The Institutionalization of Warfare in Early Rome Fred K. Drogula 3. The Price of Expansion: Agriculture, debt-dependency, and warfare during the rise of the Republic, c. 450-287 Peter VanDerPuy 4. The Dilectus-Tributum System and the Settlement of Fourth Century Italy James Tan 5. Organized Chaos: Manipuli, Socii, and the Roman Army c. 300 Jeremy Armstrong 6. Poor Man's War -- Rich Man's Fight: Military Integration in Republican Rome Marian Helm 7. "Take the Sword Away From That Girl!" Combat, Gender, and Vengeance in the Middle Republic John Serrati 8. The Middle Republican Soldier and Systems of Social Distinction Kathryn H. Milne 9. Uncovering a "Lost Generation" in the Senate: Demography and the Hannibalic War Cary Barber 10. Titus Quinctius Flamininus' "Italian Triumph" Michael P. Fronda 11. Ager Publicus: Land as a Spoil of War in the Roman Republic Saskia T. Roselaar 12. The Manipular Army System and Command Decisions in the Second Century Jeremiah McCall 13. Anecdotal History and the Social War Jessica H. Clark 14. SPQR SNAFU: Indiscipline and Internal Conflict in the Late Republic Lee L. Brice 15. From Slave to Citizen: The Lessons of Servius Tullius Jack Wells 16. The Transformation of the Roman Army in the Last Decades of the Republic François Gauthier 17. Epilogue Nathan Rosenstein

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