Socioeconomic and Environmental Implications of Agricultural Residue Burning : A Case Study of Punjab, India.
- 1 online resource (156 pages)
- SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science Ser. .
Intro -- Contents -- About the Authors -- About the Book -- Figures -- Tables -- Annexure Tables -- 1 Problem of Residue Management Due to Rice Wheat Crop Rotation in Punjab -- Abstract -- 1.1 Agricultural Growth in Punjab -- 1.2 Agricultural Residue Burning and Its Management -- 1.3 Main Objectives of the Study -- 1.4 An Overview -- References -- 2 The Extent and Management of Crop Stubble -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Produce of Crop Stubble and Its Burning -- 2.2.1 StrawResidue to Grain Ratio -- 2.2.2 Chemical Composition of Rice and Wheat Stubble -- 2.3 Volume of Pollution Caused by Crop Stubble Burning -- 2.4 Effects of Crop Stubble Burning on the Fertility of the Soil -- 2.4.1 International Experience -- 2.5 Health Impacts of Pollution Due to Residue Burning -- 2.6 Management of Crop Stubble -- 2.6.1 In Situ Incorporation -- 2.6.2 Alternative Uses of Crop Stubble -- 2.6.3 Cost of Alternate Uses -- 2.6.4 End Use of Rice Residue in Different Districts of Punjab -- 2.7 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- 3 Valuation of the Health Effects -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Level in Study Area -- 3.3 Household Survey Design and Data -- 3.4 The Survey Results -- 3.4.1 The Household and Farming Characteristics -- 3.4.2 Management of Stubble Among the Selected Farmers -- 3.4.3 The Effect of Crop Stubble Burning on Human Health -- 3.5 Methodology -- 3.5.1 Theoretical Model -- 3.5.2 Estimation Strategy -- 3.6 The Model Results -- 3.6.1 Welfare Loss -- 3.6.2 Increase in Medical Expenditure -- 3.6.3 Opportunity Cost of Increase in Workdays Lost -- 3.7 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- 4 Alternative Uses of Crop Stubble -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Disposal Pattern of Paddy Straw -- 4.3 Management of Agricultural Waste for Alternate Uses -- 4.3.1 Use of Rice Residue as Fodder for Animals. 4.3.2 Use of Crop Residue in Bio Thermal Power Plants -- 4.3.3 Use of Rice Residue as Bedding Material for Cattle -- 4.3.4 Use of Crop Residue for Mushroom Cultivation -- 4.3.5 Use of Rice Residue in Paper Production -- 4.3.6 Use of Rice Residue for Making Bio Gas -- 4.3.7 In Situ -- 4.3.8 Incorporation of Paddy Straw in Soil -- 4.3.9 Production of Bio-oil from Straw and Other Agricultural Wastes -- 4.4 Agricultural Residues for Power Generation -- 4.4.1 Energy Technologies -- 4.4.2 Thermal Combustion -- 4.5 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- 5 Environmental Legislations: India and Punjab -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Ministry of Environment and Forest -- 5.1.2 Clean Technology Division -- 5.1.3 Control of Pollution Division -- 5.2 Various Laws to Control Pollution in India -- 5.2.1 Water Act (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974) -- 5.2.2 Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1981 -- 5.2.3 The Environment Protection Act, 1986 -- 5.2.4 The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 -- 5.2.5 The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 -- 5.2.6 The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 -- 5.2.7 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 -- 5.2.8 Biological Diversity Act, 2002 -- 5.3 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) -- 5.3.1 Functions of the Central Board -- 5.3.2 National Ambient Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP) -- 5.3.3 Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme -- 5.4 Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) -- 5.5 Punjab State Council for Science and Technology -- 5.6 Environment Division -- 5.7 Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) -- 5.8 Punjab Biodiversity Board -- 5.9 Summary of the Chapter -- 6 Policies for Restricting the Agriculture Residue Burning in Punjab -- Abstract -- 6.1 Monitoring and Recording the Levels of Pollution in Punjab. 6.2 Existing Policies to Control Air Pollution -- 6.2.1 Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) -- 6.2.2 Agriculture Councils -- 6.2.3 Punjab State Council for Science and Technology -- 6.2.4 Department of Agriculture -- 6.2.5 Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) -- 6.2.6 Department of Animal Husbandry -- 6.2.7 Punjab Agricultural University -- 6.2.8 Punjab State Farmers' Commission -- 6.2.9 Department of Rural Development and Panchayats -- 6.2.10 Agriculture Diversification -- 6.2.11 Promotion of Zero Tillage -- 6.2.12 Management of Agricultural Waste -- 6.2.13 Utilization of Straw and Husk -- 6.2.14 Use of Rice Residue as Fodder for Animals -- 6.2.15 Use of Crop Residue in Bio Thermal Power Plants -- 6.2.16 Use of Rice Residue as Bedding Material for Cattle -- 6.2.17 Use of Crop Residue for Mushroom Cultivation -- 6.2.18 Use of Rice Residue in Paper Production -- 6.2.19 Use of Rice Residue for Making Bio Gas -- 6.2.20 Other Measures -- 6.3 Summary of the Chapter -- Reference -- 7 Concluding Remarks and Policy Recommendations -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Summary of the Findings -- 7.3 Policy Recommendations and Research Needs -- Annexure -- Schedule 1 -- Schedule 2.