Agricultural and Forestry Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake : Tsunami, Radioactive, and Reputational Damages.
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Intro -- Tokyo University of Agriculture's Philosophy and the East Japan Assistance Project -- Introduction -- Outline of the Project -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: The Road to Reconstruction from the Tsunami and Radioactive Contamination: Two and a Half Years On -- Chapter 1: Dealing with Disasters of Unprecedented Magnitude: The Local Government's Tribulations and the Road to Reconstruction -- 1.1 Siege Conditions (March 24, 2011) -- 1.2 Mayoral Address to City Government Employees (March 22, 2011) -- 1.3 Soma's Reconstruction Plan (June 12, 2011) -- 1.4 Haragama Morning Market (August 18, 2011) -- 1.5 Assistance from Tokyo University of Agriculture (March 11, 2013) -- 1.6 The Wada Strawberry Farm Agricultural Corporation (March 11, 2013) -- Chapter 2: Tokyo University of Agriculture East Japan Assistance Project Assisting with Reconstruction: Guiding Principles, Planning, and Propagation of Benefits -- 2.1 The Launch of the East Japan Assistance Project -- 2.1.1 Initiatives to Support Disaster Zones and Students Affected by the Disasters -- 2.1.2 Our Desire to Help the Regions That Had Sustained Tsunami Damage and Radioactive Contamination, and the Launch of the Project -- 2.2 The East Japan Assistance Project Gets Under Way -- 2.2.1 Why Soma Was Chosen for the Project -- 2.2.2 The First Comprehensive Surveys and the Initial Shock -- 2.2.2.1 Research Collaboration with Fukushima Prefecture -- 2.2.2.2 Soma's Challenges and the University's Initiatives -- 2.2.2.3 Shock During Our On-Site Surveys -- 2.2.3 Project Structure -- 2.3 Start of Initiatives and Initial Research Outcomes -- 2.3.1 Student Volunteers -- 2.3.2 Farming Team -- 2.3.2.1 Investigating the Extent of Agricultural Damage and the Preconditions for Resumption of Farming. 2.3.2.2 Agricultural Recovery Association Activities: Characteristics and Challenges -- Purpose of the Research and Survey Method -- Overview of Survey Results -- 2.3.3 Soil Fertilization Team -- 2.3.3.1 Recovering the Strawberry Greenhouses -- 2.3.3.2 Method Used to Recover Tsunami-Damaged Paddy Fields -- 2.3.3.3 Method Used to Recover Farmland Contaminated by Radioactivity -- 2.3.4 Forest Recovery Team -- 2.4 Success at the First Local Briefing Session Boosts Recovery Initiatives -- 2.4.1 The Importance of Local Briefing Sessions -- 2.4.1.1 Anxiety and Success at the Local Briefing Session -- 2.5 Fiscal 2012 Recovery Assistance Initiatives -- 2.5.1 Successful Rice Harvest from Seriously Tsunami-Damaged Paddy Fields -- 2.5.2 Farming Assistance for Newly Established Agricultural Corporations -- 2.5.3 Developing a Monitoring System to Aid Recovery Following Radioactive Contamination -- 2.5.4 Identifying and Counteracting Reputational Damage -- 2.5.5 Investigating Methods for Inhibiting Absorption of Radionuclide -- 2.5.6 Forest Reconstruction Initiatives -- 2.5.7 The Fiscal 2012 Local Briefing Sessions -- 2.6 Course of Action in Fiscal 2013 -- References -- Chapter 3: Characteristics of the Agricultural and Forestry Industries in the Soma Area and Damage Sustained as a Result of the Great East Japan Earthquake -- 3.1 Characteristics of the Agricultural and Forestry Industries in the Soma Area Before the Great East Japan Earthquake -- 3.1.1 Characteristics of the Soma Area -- 3.1.2 Characteristics of the Agricultural and Forestry Industries in the Soma Area -- 3.1.3 Changes in Farming and Forestry Entities and Output -- 3.2 Damage to the Soma Area's Agricultural and Forestry Industries as a Result of the Great East Japan Earthquake -- 3.2.1 Loss of Life and Agricultural Damage Caused by the Tsunami. 3.2.2 Contamination from Radionuclides in the City of Soma and Its Effects on Agriculture and Forestry -- 3.2.3 Effects on Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Products -- Bibliography -- Part II: Reconstruction from Tsunami Damage -- Chapter 4: Reconstruction Support for the Farmland Struck by Tsunami -- 4.1 Conditions Observed in Soma's Post-tsunami Farmland and Basic Aims of Reconstruction Initiatives -- 4.1.1 Reconstruction Support Starting May 2011 -- 4.1.2 Classification of Post-tsunami Farmlands Based on the First Field Survey -- 4.1.3 Properties of Tsunami Sediment Accumulated on the Surface of Tsunami-Hit Farmlands -- 4.2 Reconstruction Support Policy for Post-tsunami Farmlands -- 4.2.1 Mix Soil Layers Without Removing Tsunami Sediment -- 4.2.2 Use Converter Slag as Lime Material to Remove Salt -- 4.3 Reconstruction Support for Restart of Strawberry Cultivation -- 4.3.1 Just in Time -- 4.3.2 There Is No Better Salt-Remover than Rain -- 4.3.3 A Discriminating Approach to Restart of Strawberry Cultivation by Soil -- 4.4 Rejuvenating Green Manure: Also Used in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture -- 4.5 Taking on the Challenge of Planting "Soma Revival Rice" -- 4.5.1 Weeds in Salt-Damaged Paddies Convince the Farmers -- 4.5.2 Soil Acidification Within the Expected Range -- 4.5.3 Fields of Golden Rice Plants After a 2-Year Hiatus -- 4.5.4 The Highest Safety Standards for "Soma Revival Rice" -- 4.6 The Soma Project Expands Use of the Soma Method -- 4.6.1 The Project Launches -- 4.6.2 The Project Gets Under Way -- Chapter 5: Tsunami Damage to Farming Operations and the New Generation of Farmers and Farm Management -- 5.1 Damage to Key Farmers' Operations, Farmers' Inclination to Resume Farming, and Factors Inhibiting Resumption of Farming -- 5.1.1 Assessment of Damage to Farming Operations, and Survey Targeting Resumption of Farming. 5.1.2 Inclination to Farm in Future and Associated Factors -- 5.2 Activities of Regional Agricultural Recovery Associations: Characteristics and Evaluation -- 5.2.1 Scheme to Subsidize Resumption of Farming Activities and Regional Agricultural Recovery Associations -- 5.2.2 Survey on Recovery Association Activities in Soma City and Issues Faced -- 5.2.3 Recovery Associations and Their Activities According to Level of Tsunami Damage -- 5.2.3.1 Classifying Tsunami Damage Level -- 5.2.3.2 Features of Recovery Association Activities by Tsunami Damage Level -- 5.2.4 The Recovery Assistance Project: Challenges and Optimal Implementation Method -- 5.3 Impetus for the Formation of Agricultural Corporations and Process of Incorporation -- 5.3.1 Background of Agricultural Corporations in Soma -- 5.3.2 Features of the Three Agricultural Corporations -- 5.3.2.1 Iitoyo Farm LLC -- 5.3.2.2 Iwanoko Farm LLC -- 5.3.2.3 Agrifood Iibuchi LLC -- 5.4 Local Farmers' Expectations and Demands of the Agricultural Corporations -- 5.4.1 Survey Background and Method for Iitoyo Farm -- 5.4.2 Farming Before and After the Disasters and Changes in the Farmers' Inclination to Farm -- 5.4.3 Management of the Iitoyo Farm by the Region's Farmers -- 5.4.4 Agricultural Corporations in the Disaster Zones: Potential and Expectations -- 5.5 The Strawberry Farm Corporation: Characteristics of Activities and Future Strategy -- 5.5.1 Overview of the Wada District's Strawberry-Producing Area -- 5.5.2 Events Leading to the Establishment of the Corporation -- 5.5.3 Overview of Events Leading to Construction of the Greenhouses and Their Management -- 5.5.4 Discussion of Incorporation Initiative in the Wada District -- 5.6 Recovery Based on Agricultural Corporations: Future Direction and Issues -- 5.6.1 Agriculture in Tsunami-Stricken Areas of Soma and Its Features. 5.6.2 Recovery Based on Incorporation: Future Direction and Strategy -- 5.6.3 Agricultural Recovery Based on Incorporation: Issues -- References -- Chapter 6: Presenting a Model for the Revival of Rural Communities in Japan's Disaster Zones -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Agricultural Revival and Workshops in Iwanuma, Miyagi Prefecture -- 6.2.1 Agricultural Revival Workshops -- 6.2.2 Overview of Results of Agricultural Workshops -- 6.3 Topographic Analysis and Community Development Using an MMS (Mobile Mapping System) -- 6.3.1 What Is MMS? -- 6.3.2 Details of Survey Process -- 6.3.3 Survey Results (Changes in Ground Topography) -- 6.4 Summary -- Chapter 7: Contributing to Restoration of Tidal Flats in Miyagi Prefecture's Moune Bay Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 7.1 The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on the Sanriku Coast -- 7.2 Moune Bay and the NPO Mori wa Umi no Koibito -- 7.3 The Role of the Tokyo University of Agriculture Team -- 7.4 Asari Clams -- 7.5 Other Benthos -- 7.6 Development of Monitoring Techniques -- 7.7 Future Challenges and Actions -- Part III: Reconstruction from Radioactive Contamination -- Chapter 8: Initiatives by the Soil Fertilization Team to Develop Agricultural Technologies for Paddy Fields with Radioactive Contamination -- 8.1 Countermeasure for the Amelioration of Paddy Fields with Radioactive Contamination Jointly with Minamisoma Farmers -- 8.1.1 Radioactive Concentration of Paddy Field on Which a Test Planting of Rice Was Carried Out -- 8.1.2 Application of Zeolite, Layer Mixing, and Soil Reversion -- 8.1.3 Test Planting of Rice -- 8.1.3.1 Application of Zeolite and Potassium Fertilizer to Inhibit Absorption of Radiocesium -- 8.1.3.2 Radioactive Concentration of Rice (Brown Rice and Straw). 8.1.3.3 Investigating the Mechanism of Zeolite from the Yield and Taste Rating of Brown Rice.