Intro -- Contents at a Glance -- Contents -- About the Authors -- About the Technical Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- What This Book Covers -- A Brief History of Sensors -- Drivers for Sensor Applications -- Health and Fitness -- Aging Demographics -- Personalized Healthcare -- Public Health -- Technology Nexus -- National Security -- The Internet of Things -- Water and Food -- Environmental Challenges -- Challenges for Sensor Applications -- Sensors Enabling Innovation -- References -- Chapter 2: Sensing and Sensor Fundamentals -- What Is a Sensor and What Is Sensing? -- Introduction to the Key Sensing Modalities -- Mechanical Sensors -- MEMS Sensors -- Accelerometers -- Gyroscopes -- Optical Sensors -- Photodetectors -- Infrared (IR) -- Fiber Optic -- Interferometers -- Semiconductor Sensors -- Gas Sensors -- Temperature Sensors -- Magnetic Sensors -- Optical Sensors -- Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs) -- Electrochemical Sensors -- Potentiometric Sensors -- Amperometric Sensors -- Coulometric -- Conductometric Sensors -- Biosensors -- Transducers for Biosensors -- Key Characteristics of Biosensors -- Application Domains -- Environmental Monitoring -- Air -- Water -- Sound (Noise Pollution) -- Soil -- Healthcare -- Wellness -- Monitoring Recreational Activity -- Personal Safety -- Activity and Location Detection -- Sensor Characteristics -- Range -- Transfer Function -- Linear Transfer Functions -- Linearization -- Non-Linear Transfer Functions -- Linearity and Nonlinearity -- Sensitivity -- Environmental Effects -- Modifying Inputs -- Interfering Inputs -- Hysteresis -- Resolution -- Accuracy -- Precision -- Error -- Systematic Errors -- Random Errors (Noise) -- Error Bands -- Statistical Characteristics -- Repeatability -- Tolerance -- Dynamic Characteristics -- Response Time.

Dynamic Linearity -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Key Sensor Technology Components: Hardware and Software Overview -- Smart Sensors -- Sensor Systems -- Sensor Platforms -- The Arduino I/O Board -- Shimmer -- Smartphones and Tablets -- Microcontrollers for Smart Sensors -- CPUs -- Registers -- Memory -- Timers and Counters -- Debugging Interfaces -- Common Microcontrollers -- Interfaces and Embedded Communications -- Embedded Digital Interfaces and Protocols -- Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) -- The I 2 C Bus -- Analog Interfacing -- Sensor Communications -- Standard Wired Interfaces -- RS-232 -- Virtual Serial Ports -- RS-485 -- Universal Serial Bus (USB) -- Short- and Medium-Range Standards for Wireless Communications -- Proprietary Wireless Protocols -- Power Management and Energy Harvesting -- Power Management -- Energy Harvesting -- Microcontroller Software and Debugging -- IDEs -- Development Languages -- Testing Code -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Sensor Network Topolog ies and Design Considerations -- Sensor Network Components -- Sensor Nodes -- Aggregators, Base Stations, and Gateways -- Machine-to-Machine Devices -- Proprietary M2M solutions -- Smartphones -- Traditional M2M Platforms -- Sensor Network Topologies -- Sensor Network Applications -- Personal Area Networks -- Ambient/Pervasive Home Sensor Networks -- Wide Area Networks -- Sensor Network Features and Challenges -- Security -- Key Security Goals -- Attacks on Sensor Networks -- Security Approaches -- Biometrics -- Challenges for Sensor Networks -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Processing and Adding Vibrancy to Sensor Data -- Data Literacy -- The Internet of Things -- Sensors and the Cloud -- Data Quality -- Addressing Data Quality Issues -- Outlier Detection -- Automated Data Cleaning -- Plausibility Testing -- Fusing Sensor Data -- Data Mining.

Data Visualization -- Big Sensor Data -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Regulations and Standards: Considerations for Sensor Technologies -- Regulation of Medical Devices -- CE Marking -- U.S. FDA -- Other Medical Device Regulators -- Standards for Medical Devices -- Industry Standards and Certification -- Continua -- Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) -- Happtique Health App Certification Program (HACP) -- Quality Management System Standards -- Clinical Research Standards -- Declaration of Helsinki -- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) -- Data Interoperability Standards -- CEN ISO/IEEE 11073 -- Health Level 7 (HL7) -- Regulation of Environmental Sensors -- Environmental Noise -- Ambient Air Quality -- Indoor Air Quality -- Drinking Water -- Regulation and Allocation of Radio Spectrum -- Challenges -- Country-Specific Regulatory Processes -- Mobile Health Applications -- Personalized Medicine -- Citizen Science -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: The Data Economy of Biosensors -- The Evidence Base -- Why Building Technologies for "Should" Rarely Helps -- The Consequences of Designing for "Should" -- Why Designing for "Could" Matters -- Requirements for a Data Economy of "Could" -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Sensor Deployments for Home and Community Settings -- Healthcare Domain Challenges -- Study Design -- Setting the Research Questions -- Clinical Cohort Characterization -- Protocol Options: Supervised vs. Unsupervised -- Clinical Benefit -- Home Deployment Elements -- Home- and Community-Based Sensing -- Body-Worn Assessment Applications -- Ambient Sensing -- User Touch Points -- Participant Feedback -- Home Deployment Management -- Remote Deployment Framework -- The Prototyping Design Process -- Design for and with the End User -- Design with Multidisciplinary Team Members -- Data Analytics and Intelligent Data Processing.

Case Studies -- Case Study 1: Quantified Timed Get Up and Go (QTUG) Test -- Algorithm Development -- Model Development -- Prototype Development -- Case Study 2: Ambient Assessment of Daily Activity and Gait Velocity -- Case Study 3: Training for Focused Living -- Lessons Learned -- The Installation Process -- Key Sensor Findings -- Data Quality -- User Engagement -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Body-Worn, Ambient, and Consumer Sensing for Health Applications -- Changing the Way We Do Healthcare -- Sensing Context in Health Applications -- Hospital and Community-Based Sensing for Assessment and Diagnosis -- Monitoring Vital Signs -- Heart Rate -- Blood Pressure -- Temperature -- Respiratory Rate -- Blood Oxygenation -- Community-Based Sensing -- Home-Based Clinical Applications -- Chronic Disease Management -- Investigative and Episodic Monitoring -- Mobility and Behavioral Monitoring -- Biomechanical Rehabilitation -- Aggregation and Management -- The Smartphone as a Healthcare Platform -- Self-care Diagnostic Test Kits -- Enzymatic/Immunological Assays -- Enzymatic Test Strips -- Chromatic Wet Chemistry -- The Home Test Market -- Home Genetic Testing -- Key Drivers and Challenges -- Drivers and Challenges in Healthcare Systems -- Technology Drivers and Challenges -- Consumer Drivers and Challenges -- The Future of Sensor-Based Applications for Healthcare -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Sensing Applications -- Drivers and Barriers: Sports and Fitness Sensing -- Drivers for Sports and Fitness Sensing -- Barriers to Sports and Fitness Sensing -- Sports and Fitness Applications -- Supporting Wireless Technologies -- Fitness Sensing -- Clothing -- Sports Equipment Sensing -- Cycling -- Golf -- Sensing in Other Sports -- Sports and Fitness Statistics -- Activity and Well-Being.

Obesity and Weight Management -- Sleep -- Baby Sleep Monitoring -- Sleep Apnea -- Posture Monitoring -- Personal Safety -- Home Safety Monitoring -- Safety Monitoring and Falls Detection -- Alcohol Monitoring -- The Future of Sensor-Based Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Applications -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: Environmental Monitoring for Health and Wellness -- Drivers of Environmental Sensing -- Cost -- Smartphones -- Civic Sensing -- Sampling -- Environmental Sensing and Network and Communications Technologies -- Barriers to Adoption -- Power Consumption -- Robustness and Cost -- Technology Limitations -- Security Concerns -- Usability and Scalability -- Interoperability -- Data Quality and Ownership -- Environmental Parameters -- Air Quality and Atmospheric Conditions -- Sensing Air Quality -- Sensing Indoor Air Quality -- Community-Based Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring -- Monitoring Ambient Weather -- UVA/UVB Monitoring -- Water Quality Monitoring -- Physical Water Sensing -- Chemical Water Sensing -- Biological Pathogen Water Sensing -- Mobile Water-Quality Sensing -- Environmental Noise Pollution -- Radiation Sensing -- Environmental Impact on Food -- Future Directions for Environmental Monitoring -- Summary -- Chapter 12: Summary and Future Trends -- So Far -- Into the Future -- Pervasiveness -- Technology -- Personal Health -- Crowdsourcing -- The Sensing Nexus -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.